Penicillins antibiotic drugs category

Bacterial infection

Injection vial

This drug belongs to the penicillin family and is a bactericidal drug that inhibits the construction of the bacterial cell wall.

In the treatment of infections caused by streptococcus, meningococcus, gram-negative bacillus, spirochete and syphilis are common.

Pregnancy:

So far, there have not been enough studies on the side effects of this drug in human fetuses, but since penicillins pass through the placenta, the benefits of using the drug should be weighed against its harm when prescribing.

Breastfeeding:

Penicillin G is secreted in breast milk, so precautions should be taken when using this drug during breastfeeding. Penicillin secretion in breast milk may cause side effects such as diarrhea, candidiasis and allergic reactions in the baby.

It is very important to comply with the medication instructions and complete the course of treatment in the recovery of the disease. But if the symptoms do not improve after a few days of starting the treatment and they get even worse, inform your doctor.

Consult your doctor in case of side effects such as skin rash, itching, hives, severe diarrhea, shortness of breath, wheezing, black tongue, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, fever, joint inflammation, and unusual bleeding or dead blood.

Before prescribing the medicine, it is necessary to find out about the history of the patient's sensitivity to penicillin and perform a penicillin sensitivity test on the patient.

Drug administration in patients with a history of severe allergies and asthma should be done with caution.

This drug should only be administered through intramuscular injection, so intravenous or intra-arterial injection and even injection of the drug into the tissue adjacent to the blood vessels and peripheral nerves should be avoided due to the possibility of neurovascular lesion and intrathecal injection due to the possibility of encephalopathy and central nervous system poisoning.

If the drug is injected into the vessels, Hogines syndrome may occur with symptoms of shock, feeling of death, confusion, hallucinations, cyanosis, and tachycardia, all of which resolve within an hour except for the possibility of micro embolism. However, in acute cases, the patient should be prescribed a sedative.

In children, intra-arterial drug injection may be accompanied by severe complications of vein blockage, thrombosis, and gangrene, which begins with the appearance of pale spots on the gluteal muscle. In this case, if the drug is injected with pressure. There is even a possibility of drug entering the arteries of the pelvis. There is also aorta and spinal cord.

After prescribing the drug, the patient should be examined for the occurrence of allergic reactions to penicillin, and if allergic symptoms are observed, the use of the drug should be stopped immediately and the necessary treatments with epinephrine, oxygen, corticosteroids and antihistamines should be applied.

In case of a history of sensitivity to procaine, the patient should be tested by intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of 2% procaine solution. Inflammation and redness in the injection area is a sign of sensitivity, and in this case, products containing procaine should not be prescribed.

During long-term use of penicillin, especially with high doses, it is recommended to evaluate the kidney and liver system and count blood cells.

During long-term use of penicillin, in case of secondary infection, the drug should be avoided and appropriate treatment should be substituted.

Pseudo-membranous colitis with symptoms of watery diarrhea with phlegm and streaks of blood is one of the side effects of taking antibiotics. Therefore, in case of diarrhea, the patient should be examined and receive appropriate medicine if needed.

In order to prevent sciatic nerve injury, the intramuscular injection of the drug in the upper-external quadrant of the gluteal muscle in infants and children should be avoided as much as possible (in children, deep intramuscular injection in the quadriceps muscle is recommended).

Potassium and sodium salts should be used with caution in patients with kidney failure and congestive heart failure, as well as with potassium-containing drugs or diuretics that raise blood potassium.

Taking penicillins may falsely change the result of the urine sugar test. Therefore, this issue is especially important in diabetic patients. Also, in patients with diabetes, the speed of drug absorption from the injection site in the muscle decreases, so these two issues should be considered in these patients.

In severe infections that require a high concentration of penicillin, such as pneumonia, pericarditis, meningitis, etc., the first treatment should be started with water-soluble penicillin products such as penicillin G sodium.

Concomitant use of this drug with drugs such as probenecidو High doses of indomethacin, phenylbutazone and salicylates may cause drug accumulation in the body due to competitive inhibition of drug excretion.

Penicillin products reduce the effectiveness of contraceptives.

Each drug, along with the desired therapeutic effect, may cause some unwanted side effects, although not all of these side effects can be seen in a person, but consult your doctor if any of the following side effects occur:

Allergic reactions:

These complications appear especially in people with a history of sensitivity to penicillins and people with a history of asthma, allergies, hay fever and urticaria, and include skin rashes (in the form of papules or laminar skin inflammation), urticaria, laryngeal edema, eosinophily, fever, and pseudo serum sickness reaction (feeling cold and convulsive movements caused by it, fever, edema, joint pain and severe weakness and lethargy) and anaphylaxis (including shock and death).

Gastrointestinal:

Pseudomembranous colitis during treatment or after completion of the treatment period, diarrhea, vomiting, burning throat or mouth, black hairy tongue, inflammation of the tongue and oral mucosa.

Bloody:

Hemolytic anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenic, agranulocytosis, false positive result for the Coombs test, as well as electrolyte disorders after taking a high dose of potassium ions.

Nervous:

Neuropathy.

Urinary-genital system:

Renal toxicity (nephropathy) rarely occurs in patients with renal impairment.

Complications related to poisoning with procaine:

In some patients, rapid reactions may occur due to procaine poisoning, especially in high doses. These side effects are transient (15-30 minutes) and include anxiety, impaired consciousness, excitement and irritability, depression, epileptic attack reactions, hallucinations and fear of death.

Miscellaneous complications:

• Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions due to bacteriolysis, in case of complications, 500 mg of prednisolone is prescribed.
• Local reactions in infants.
• Procaine-induced cardiac arrhythmia.

Poisoning:

1. Poisoning with penicillin increases the possibility of nervous irritability, or seizures, especially in high doses.
2. Electrolyte disorders due to increased potassium ion.
3. Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.

The dosage of each drug is determined by the doctor, but the usual dosage of this drug is as follows:

Adults: 600,000-1,200:000 units daily as deep intramuscular injection.

Children: 50.000 units per day per kilogram of body weight for 10-14 days.

How to take the medicine:

Pen® 400:

After adding 1 ml of injectable sterile water, shake the vial well and immediately perform a deep intramuscular injection. Aspiration should be performed before the injection to ensure that the drug is not injected into the blood vessels.

Pen® 800:

After adding 2 ml of injectable sterile water, shake the vial well and immediately perform a deep intramuscular injection. Aspiration should be performed before the injection to ensure that the drug is not injected into the blood vessels.

If repeated doses are needed, disinfect the injection site.

In adults, deep intramuscular injection is recommended in the upper outer quadrant of the groin, and in children, deep intramuscular injection in the quadriceps muscle is recommended.

• Store the dry product at a temperature below 30 degrees Celsius and away from light.
• Keep the medicine out of the reach of children.
• Avoid using expired medicine.
• The product ready for injection should be injected immediately and its storage should be avoided as much as possible.