Penicillins antibiotic drugs category

Bacterial infection

Sterile powder for preparation of injectable suspension

This drug belongs to the penicillin family and is a bactericidal drug that inhibits the construction of the bacterial cell wall.

In the treatment of infections caused by streptococcus, meningococcus, gram-negative bacillus, spirochete and syphilis are common.

Pregnancy: So far, there have not been enough studies on the side effects of this drug in human fetuses. But since penicillins pass through the placenta. Therefore, the benefits of taking the drug should be weighed against its harm when prescribing.

Breastfeeding: Penicillin G is secreted in breast milk, so precautions should be taken when using this drug during breastfeeding. Penicillin secretion in breast milk may cause complications such as diarrhea, candidiasis and allergic reactions in the baby.

It is very important to follow the medication instructions and complete the course of treatment in the recovery of the disease. However, if the symptoms of the disease do not improve after a few days of starting the treatment and the foot gets even worse, inform your doctor.

In case of complications such as skin rash, itching, hives, severe diarrhea, shortness of breath, wheezing, black tongue. Sore throat, nausea, vomiting, fever, joint inflammation, and unusual bleeding or dead blood, consult your doctor.

1. Before prescribing the drug, the patient's history of penicillin sensitivity should be known and a penicillin sensitivity test should be performed on the patient.
2. Drug administration in patients with a history of severe allergies and asthma should be done with caution.
3. This medication should only be administered by intramuscular injection. Therefore, intravenous or intra-arterial injection and even drug injection in the tissue adjacent to blood vessels and peripheral nerves should be avoided due to the possibility of neurovascular lesion and intrathecal injection due to the possibility of encephalopathy and central nervous system toxicity.
4. If the drug is injected into the vessels, Hogines syndrome may occur with symptoms of shock, feeling of death, confusion, hallucinations, cyanosis, and tachycardia, all of which are resolved within an hour except for the possibility of micro embolism, but in acute cases, the patient should be prescribed sedative.
5. In children, the injection of medicine into the artery may be accompanied by severe complications of vein blockage, thrombosis, and gangrene, which begins with the appearance of pale spots on the gluteal muscle. In this case, if the drug is injected with pressure, there is even a possibility of the drug entering the arteries of the pelvis, aorta, and spinal cord.
6. After the administration of the drug, the patient should be examined for the occurrence of allergic reactions to penicillin, and if signs of allergy are observed, the drug should be stopped immediately and the necessary treatments with epinephrine, oxygen, corticosteroids, and antihistamines should be applied.
7. In case of a history of sensitivity to procaine, the patient should be tested by intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of 2% procaine solution. Inflammation and redness in the injection area is a sign of sensitivity, and in this case, products containing procaine should not be prescribed.
8. During long-term use of penicillin, especially with high doses, it is recommended to evaluate the kidney and liver system and count blood cells.
9. During long-term use of penicillin, in case of secondary infection, the drug should be stopped and appropriate treatment should be substituted.
10. Pseudomembranous colitis with symptoms of watery diarrhea with mucus and streaks of blood is one of the side effects of antibiotics. Therefore, in case of diarrhea, the patient should be examined and receive appropriate medicine if needed.
11. In order to prevent sciatic nerve injury, avoid intramuscular drug injection in the upper-external quadrant of the gluteal muscle in infants and children as much as possible (in children, deep intramuscular injection in the quadriceps muscle is recommended).
12. The use of potassium and sodium salts in patients with kidney failure and congestive heart failure, as well as with potassium-containing drugs or blood potassium-increasing diuretics, should be done with caution.
13. The use of penicillins may falsely change the result of the urine sugar test, so this issue is especially important in diabetic patients. Also in patients with diabetes. The speed of drug absorption from the injection site in the muscle decreases, so these two issues should be considered in these patients.
14. In severe infections that require a high concentration of penicillin. Such as typhoid fever, pericarditis, meningitis, and initial treatment should be started with water-soluble penicillin products such as penicillin G sodium.
15. Concomitant use of this drug with drugs such as probenecid. High doses of indomethacin, phenylbutazone and salicylates may cause drug accumulation in the body due to competitive inhibition of drug excretion.
16. Penicillin products reduce the effectiveness of contraceptives.

In parallel with the desired therapeutic effect, any drug may cause some unwanted side effects. Although all these complications can be seen in the same person. But consult your doctor if any of the following side effects occur:

Allergic reactions:

These complications are especially in people with a history of sensitivity to penicillins or people with a history of asthma. Allergy, hay fever and urticaria appear and include skin rashes (in the form of papules or laminar inflammation of the skin), urticaria, edema, larynx, eosinophilic fever, and serum-like disease attacks (feeling cold and convulsive movements caused by it, fever, edema, joint pain, severe weakness and lethargy) and anaphylaxis (including shock and death).

Gastrointestinal:

Pseudomembranous colitis during treatment or after the end of the treatment period, diarrhea, vomiting, burning throat, foot, mouth, black tongue, inflammation of the tongue and oral mucosa.

Bloody:

Hemolytic anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, false positive result for Coombs test and also electrolyte disorders after high dose of potassium ion.

Nervous:

Neuropathy

Urinary-genital system:

Renal toxicity (nephropathy) rarely occurs in patients with renal impairment.

Complications related to poisoning with procaine:

In some patients, rapid reactions may appear due to procaine poisoning, especially in high doses. These side effects are transient (15-30 minutes) and include anxiety, impaired consciousness, excitement and irritability, depression, reactions to epileptic attacks, hallucinations and fear of death.

Miscellaneous complications:

Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions due to bacteriolysis, which are prescribed in case of complications of prednisolone mg.

Local reactions in infants.

Procaine-induced cardiac arrhythmia.

Poisoning:

Penicillin poisoning increases the possibility of nervous, muscular irritability or epileptic attacks, especially in high bananas.

Electrolytic disorder due to increased potassium ion Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.

The dosage of each drug is determined by the doctor. But the usual dose of this drug is as follows:

Adults: 600,000-1,200,000 units daily as deep intramuscular injection.

Children: 50,000 units daily per kilogram of body weight for 10-14 days.

How to take the medicine:

After adding 3 ml of injectable sterile water, shake the vial well and immediately perform a deep organ injection. Before the injection, aspiration should be done to ensure that the drug is not injected into the blood vessels. Change the injection site if repeated doses are needed.

In adults, deep intramuscular injection is recommended in the upper outer quadrant of the groin, and in children, deep intramuscular injection in the quadriceps muscle is recommended.

• Keep the dry product at a temperature below 30 degrees Celsius and away from light.
• Keep the medicine out of the reach of children.
• The product ready for injection should be injected immediately and its storage should be avoided as much as possible.